Last Updated: July 23, 2023, 3:21 PM IST
A girl lights earthen lamps during an HIV/AIDS awareness campaign on the occasion of World AIDS Day in Kolkata, India, December 1, 2021. (Reuters File Photo)
WHO releases new guidance on HIV at the International AIDS Conference, focusing on viral suppression and its impact on transmission
The World Health Organization (WHO) on Sunday unveiled groundbreaking scientific and normative guidance on HIV during the 12th International IAS Conference on HIV Science. The new WHO guidance, along with an accompanying Lancet systematic review, sheds light on the crucial role of HIV viral suppression and undetectable virus levels in enhancing individual health and preventing onward transmission of HIV.
This latest research and guidance are being presented at a time when progress toward ending the global AIDS epidemic has lagged, after the COVID-19 pandemic; but the response is rapidly catching up, with some countries now charting a path to end AIDS.
The WHO, in its guidance, describes key HIV viral load thresholds and the approaches to measure levels of virus against these thresholds; for example, people living with HIV who achieve an undetectable level of virus by consistent use of antiretroviral therapy, do not transmit HIV to their sexual partner(s) and are at low risk of transmitting HIV vertically to their children.
According to WHO, the evidence also indicates that there is negligible, or almost zero, risk of transmitting HIV when a person has a HIV viral load measurement of less than or equal to 1000 copies per mL, also commonly referred to as having a suppressed viral load.
It said that antiretroviral therapy continues to transform the lives of people living with HIV. People living with HIV who are diagnosed and treated early, and take their medication as prescribed, can expect to have the same health and life expectancy as their HIV-negative counterparts.
“For more than 20 years, countries all over the world have relied on WHO’s evidence-based guidelines to prevent, test for and treat HIV infection,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “The new guidelines we are publishing today will help countries to use powerful tools have the potential to transform the lives of millions of people living with or at risk of HIV.”
At the end of 2022, 29.8 million of the 39 million people living with HIV were taking antiretroviral treatment (which means 76% of all people living with HIV) with almost three-quarters of them (71%) living with suppressed HIV, according WHO.
This means that for those virally suppressed their health is well protected and they are not at risk of transmitting HIV to other people. While this is a very positive progress for adults living with HIV, viral load suppression in children living with HIV is only 46% – a reality that needs urgent attention, the WHO said.
Additionally, the UN health agency stated that a new policy framework on primary health care (PHC) and HIV will help decision-makers optimize work and collaboration underway to advance primary health care and disease-specific responses, including HIV.
“Ending AIDS is impossible without optimizing opportunities across and within health systems, including with communities and in the context of primary health care”, said Dr Jérôme Salomon, WHO Assistant Director-General, Universal Health Coverage, Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases.
