Washington: A new study has found that exposure to natural places during the first COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 was beneficial for the mental health of Spanish and Portuguese citizens.
The study findings were published in the journal Environment International. The study was carried out by the University of Porto’s Institute of Environmental Science and Technology of the Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB) and the Institut de Saud Publica. (ISPUP).
Research has shown that, in Portugal, during the first confinement, people who maintained or increased contact with natural public spaces, such as parks and coastal areas, or who could contemplate these places from their homes, experienced stress. Low levels of K, psychological distress and psychosomatic symptoms.
In Spain, those who maintained or increased contact with private natural spaces, such as indoor plants or community green areas, had lower levels of stress and psychosomatic symptoms.
This may be due to the fact that Spain adopted more restrictive measures for foreign circulation during the period of analysis.
Researched the effects of nature on mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown between March and May 2020.
The first author of the work, together with Dr Ana Isabel Ribeiro from ISPUP and Margarita Triguero-Mas from ICTA-UAB, said that “we decided to study whether natural, public and private spaces had beneficial effects on the mental health of Portuguese And Spanish citizens are helping them better cope with the negative effects of the lockdown.”
For her part, Margarita Triguero-Mass says that “people around us and myself talked about how we used to park that park when we went to the office or walked the beach with our dogs.” So we wanted to investigate whether contact with natural places was an important factor during confinement.”
Several previous articles have also shown the positive impact of exposure to natural places on mental health, i.e. reducing stress, anxiety and improving psychological well-being overall.
“Considering what is described in the literature, we wanted to evaluate whether people who previously enjoyed greater exposure to natural spaces during the COVID-19 lockdown had better mental health indicators than those who previously enjoyed , which had no contact with natural areas”, explained Dr Ribeiro.
At the same time, they wanted to test whether private natural spaces, such as gardens, orchards or plants, were more beneficial among Spanish citizens than the Portuguese, noting that Spain tends to restrict mobility compared to Portugal. Strict measures were implemented.
To conduct the research, the authors implemented an online questionnaire aimed at all citizens aged 18 years or older who lived in Spain or Portugal, between March 27 and May 6, 2020. The survey covered aspects related to frequency and type. People had to come into contact with natural places (public and private) before and during the first imprisonment; Mental health questions to assess stress levels, mental disorders and somatization symptoms and sociodemographic issues.
Of the more than 3,000 citizens (n = 3,157) who answered the questionnaire, 1,638 were Portuguese and 1,519 were Spanish.
In both countries, during confinement, there was a significant reduction in the use of public natural spaces, such as beaches, parks and gardens, and increased exposure to private natural spaces, such as community gardens, urban gardens, and plants. in Spain.
Individuals living in single-family homes (detached houses) and flats located in cities were those who at least maintained or increased their exposure to public natural spaces in both countries.
In Spain, where during the period analyzed the measures were too restrictive and home-leaving was forbidden and public outdoor spaces were closed, the benefits of exposure to public natural spaces were not as relevant as in Portugal, but it was clear to private naturals. Importance of elements.
Among Spanish citizens participating in the study, 66 percent decreased the frequency of exposure to public natural places (compared to 54 percent in Portugal).
In Spain, those who had the opportunity to dedicate or increase the amount of time devoted to caring for their plants had lower stress levels, while those who were able to continue to enjoy or increase the time spent using community green spaces, They had a low rate of somatization.
In Spain, it is notable that those who at least maintained or increased the care of indoor plants were people over the age of 65, those who lived with multiple people at home or those who moved to another residence during confinement. Were.
In contrast, those who maintained or enhanced the care of indoor plants the most were those with children but without dependent adults. In Portugal, those who were confined the longest and those who went to work were those who least maintained or increased their contact with natural public spaces. In turn, those who practiced physical exercise indicated a greater risk at these locations.
Portuguese citizens who managed to maintain or increase their exposure to natural public spaces showed lower stress levels than those who did not.
Similarly, those who considered natural places away from their homes achieved improvements in all mental health outcomes analysed: stress, mental disorders, and somatization.
“This study clearly demonstrates the benefit of natural spaces for the mental health of the population in the context of a public health crisis,” said Ana Isabel Ribeiro.
“Public authorities and decision-makers may implement measures that facilitate access to natural public spaces, in a safe and controlled manner, in the context of an epidemic. This is particularly the case for the most socially and economically vulnerable important for population groups and for those who have little access to these places in their personal context”, Ribeiro emphasized.
In addition, Dr. Triguero-Maas said that “our study is particularly important for cities such as Barcelona, where new buildings rarely contain community spaces with balconies or vegetation. It is important to reevaluate whether reconstruction or new How can homes be healthy places that promote and prevent deterioration in the health of the people who live in them.”
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